British Mandate of Palestine
Authorised by the Council of the League of Nations, St. James Palace, London, United Kingdom, 24th July 1922
Whereas
the Principal Allied Powers have agreed, for the purpose of giving effect to the
provisions of Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, to entrust to
a Mandatory selected by the said Powers the administration of the territory of
Palestine, which formerly belonged to the Turkish Empire, within such boundaries
as may be fixed by them; and
Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should
be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on
November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by
the said Powers, in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home
for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing should be done
which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish
communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in
any other country; and
Whereas recognition has thereby been given to the historical connection of the
Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their
national home in that country; and
Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have selected His Britannic Majesty as the
Mandatory for Palestine; and
Whereas the mandate in respect of Palestine has been formulated in the following
terms and submitted to the Council of the League for approval; and
Whereas His Britannic Majesty has accepted the mandate in respect of Palestine
and undertaken to exercise it on behalf of the League of Nations in conformity
with the following provisions; and
Whereas by the afore-mentioned Article 22 (paragraph 8), it is provided that the
degree of authority, control or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory,
not having been previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, shall be
explicitly defined by the Council of the League Of Nations;
Confirming the said Mandate, the Council of the League Of Nations defines its terms as follows:
Article 1
The Mandatory shall have full powers of legislation and of administration, save
as they may be limited by the terms of this mandate.
Article 2
The Mandatory shall be responsible for placing the country under such political,
administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the
Jewish national home, as laid down in the preamble, and the development of
self-governing institutions, and also for safeguarding the civil and religious
rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race and religion.
Article 3
The Mandatory shall, so far as circumstances permit, encourage local
autonomy.
Article 4
An appropriate Jewish agency shall be recognised as a public body for the
purpose of advising and co-operating with the Administration of Palestine in
such economic, social and other matters as may affect the establishment of the
Jewish national home and the interests of the Jewish population in Palestine,
and, subject always to the control of the Administration to assist and take part
in the development of the country.
The Zionist organization, so long as its organization and constitution are in
the opinion of the Mandatory appropriate, shall be recognised as such agency. It
shall take steps in consultation with His Britannic Majesty's Government to
secure the co-operation of all Jews who are willing to assist in the
establishment of the Jewish national home.
Article 5
The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that no Palestine territory shall
be ceded or leased to, or in any way placed under the control of the Government
of any foreign Power.
Article 6
The Administration of Palestine, while ensuring that the rights and position of
other sections of the population are not prejudiced, shall facilitate Jewish
immigration under suitable conditions and shall encourage, in co-operation with
the Jewish agency referred to in Article 4, close settlement by Jews on the
land, including State lands and waste lands not required for public purposes.
Article 7
The Administration of Palestine shall be responsible for enacting a nationality
law. There shall be included in this law provisions framed so as to facilitate
the acquisition of Palestinian citizenship by Jews who take up their permanent
residence in Palestine.
Article 8
The privileges and immunities of foreigners, including the benefits of consular
jurisdiction and protection as formerly enjoyed by Capitulation or usage in the
Ottoman Empire, shall not be applicable in Palestine.
Unless the Powers whose nationals enjoyed the afore-mentioned privileges and
immunities on August 1st, 1914, shall have previously renounced the right to
their re-establishment, or shall have agreed to their non-application for a
specified period, these privileges and immunities shall, at the expiration of
the mandate, be immediately reestablished in their entirety or with such
modifications as may have been agreed upon between the Powers concerned.
Article 9
The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that the judicial system
established in Palestine shall assure to foreigners, as well as to natives, a
complete guarantee of their rights.
Respect for the personal status of the various peoples and communities and for
their religious interests shall be fully guaranteed. In particular, the control
and administration of Wakfs shall be exercised in accordance with religious law
and the dispositions of the founders.
Article 10
Pending the making of special extradition agreements relating to Palestine, the
extradition treaties in force between the Mandatory and other foreign Powers
shall apply to Palestine.
Article 11
The Administration of Palestine shall take all necessary measures to safeguard
the interests of the community in connection with the development of the
country, and, subject to any international obligations accepted by the
Mandatory, shall have full power to provide for public ownership or control of
any of the natural resources of the country or of the public works, services and
utilities established or to be established therein. It shall introduce a land
system appropriate to the needs of the country, having regard, among other
things, to the desirability of promoting the close settlement and intensive
cultivation of the land.
The Administration may arrange with the Jewish agency mentioned in Article 4 to
construct or operate, upon fair and equitable terms, any public works, services
and utilities, and to develop any of the natural resources of the country, in so
far as these matters are not directly undertaken by the Administration. Any such
arrangements shall provide that no profits distributed by such agency, directly
or indirectly, shall exceed a reasonable rate of interest on the capital, and
any further profits shall be utilised by it for the benefit of the country in a
manner approved by the Administration.
Article 12
The Mandatory shall be entrusted with the control of the foreign relations of
Palestine and the right to issue exequaturs to consuls appointed by foreign
Powers. He shall also be entitled to afford diplomatic and consular protection
to citizens of Palestine when outside its territorial limits.
Article 13
All responsibility in connection with the Holy Places and religious buildings or
sites in Palestine, including that of preserving existing rights and of securing
free access to the Holy Places, religious buildings and sites and the free
exercise of worship, while ensuring the requirements of public order and
decorum, is assumed by the Mandatory, who shall be responsible solely to the
League of Nations in all matters connected herewith, provided that nothing in
this article shall prevent the Mandatory from entering into such arrangements as
he may deem reasonable with the Administration for the purpose of carrying the
provisions of this article into effect; and provided also that nothing in this
mandate shall be construed as conferring upon the Mandatory authority to
interfere with the fabric or the management of purely Moslem sacred shrines, the
immunities of which are guaranteed.
Article 14
A special commission shall be appointed by the Mandatory to study, define and
determine the rights and claims in connection with the Holy Places and the
rights and claims relating to the different religious communities in Palestine.
The method of nomination, the composition and the functions of this Commission
shall be submitted to the Council of the League for its approval, and the
Commission shall not be appointed or enter upon its functions without the
approval of the Council.
Article 15
The Mandatory shall see that complete freedom of conscience and the free
exercise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public
order and morals, are ensured to all. No discrimination of any kind shall be
made between the inhabitants of Palestine on the ground of race, religion or
language. No person shall be excluded from Palestine on the sole ground of his
religious belief.
The right of each community to maintain its own schools for the education of its
own members in its own language, while conforming to such educational
requirements of a general nature as the Administration may impose, shall not be
denied or impaired.
Article 16
The Mandatory shall be responsible for exercising such supervision over
religious or eleemosynary bodies of all faiths in Palestine as may be required
for the maintenance of public order and good government. Subject to such
supervision, no measures shall be taken in Palestine to obstruct or interfere
with the enterprise of such bodies or to discriminate against any representative
or member of them on the ground of his religion or nationality.
Article 17
The Administration of Palestine may organist on a voluntary basis the forces
necessary for the preservation of peace and order, and also for the defence of
the country, subject, however, to the supervision of the Mandatory, but shall
not use them for purposes other than those above specified save with the consent
of the Mandatory. Except for such purposes, no military, naval or air forces
shall be raised or maintained by the Administration of Palestine.
Nothing in this article shall preclude the Administration of Palestine from
contributing to the cost of the maintenance of the forces of the Mandatory in
Palestine.
The Mandatory shall be entitled at all times to use the roads, railways and
ports of Palestine for the movement of armed forces and the carriage of fuel and
supplies.
Article 18
The Mandatory shall see that there is no discrimination in Palestine against the
nationals of any State Member of the League of Nations (including companies
incorporated under its laws) as compared with those of the Mandatory or of any
foreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce or navigation, the
exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of merchant vessels
or civil aircraft. Similarly, there shall be no discrimination in Palestine
against goods originating in or destined for any of the said States, and there
shall be freedom of transit under equitable conditions across the mandated area.
Subject as aforesaid and to the other provisions of this mandate, the
Administration of Palestine may, on the advice of the Mandatory, impose such
taxes and customs duties as it may consider necessary, and take such steps as it
may think best to promote the development of the natural resources of the
country and to safeguard the interests of the population. It may also, on the
advice of the Mandatory, conclude a special customs agreement with any State the
territory of which in 1914 was wholly included in Asiatic Turkey or Arabia.
Article 19
The Mandatory shall adhere on behalf of the Administration of Palestine to any
general international conventions already existing, or which may be concluded
hereafter with the approval of the League of Nations, respecting the slave
traffic, the traffic in arms and ammunition, or the traffic in drugs, or
relating to commercial equality, freedom of transit and navigation, aerial
navigation and postal, telegraphic and wireless communication or literary,
artistic or industrial property.
Article 20
The Mandatory shall co-operate on behalf of the Administration of Palestine, so
far as religious, social and other conditions may permit, in the execution of
any common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing and combating
disease, including diseases of plants and animals.
Article 21
The Mandatory shall secure the enactment within twelve months from this date,
and shall ensure the execution of a Law of Antiquities based on the following
rules. This law shall ensure equality of treatment in the matter of excavations
and archaeological research to the nationals of all States Members of the League
of Nations.
(1) "Antiquity" means any construction or any product of human activity earlier
than the year 1700 A. D.
(2) The law for the protection of antiquities shall proceed by encouragement
rather than by threat.
Any person who, having discovered an antiquity without being furnished with the
authorization referred to in paragraph 5, reports the same to an official of the
competent Department, shall be rewarded according to the value of the discovery.
(3) No antiquity may be disposed of except to the competent Department, unless
this Department renounces the acquisition of any such antiquity.
No antiquity may leave the country without an export licence from the said
Department.
(4) Any person who maliciously or negligently destroys or damages an antiquity
shall be liable to a penalty to be fixed.
(5) No clearing of ground or digging with the object of finding antiquities
shall be permitted, under penalty of fine, except to persons authorised by the
competent Department.
(6) Equitable terms shall be fixed for expropriation, temporary or permanent, of
lands which might be of historical or archaeological interest.
(7) Authorization to excavate shall only be granted to persons who show
sufficient guarantees of archaeological experience. The Administration of
Palestine shall not, in granting these authorizations, act in such a way as to
exclude scholars of any nation without good grounds.
(8) The proceeds of excavations may be divided between the excavator and the
competent Department in a proportion fixed by that Department. If division seems
impossible for scientific reasons, the excavator shall receive a fair indemnity
in lieu of a part of the find.
Article 22
English, Arabic and Hebrew shall be the official languages of Palestine. Any
statement or inscription in Arabic on stamps or money in Palestine shall be
repeated in Hebrew and any statement or inscription in Hebrew shall be repeated
in Arabic.
Article 23
The Administration of Palestine shall recognise the holy days of the respective
communities in Palestine as legal days of rest for the members of such
communities.
Article 24
The Mandatory shall make to the Council of the League of Nations an annual
report to the satisfaction of the Council as to the measures taken during the
year to carry out the provisions of the mandate. Copies of all laws and
regulations promulgated or issued during the year shall be communicated with the
report.
Article 25
In the territories lying between the Jordan and the eastern boundary of
Palestine as ultimately determined, the Mandatory shall be entitled, with the
consent of the Council of the League of Nations, to postpone or withhold
application of such provisions of this mandate as he may consider inapplicable
to the existing local conditions, and to make such provision for the
administration of the territories as he may consider suitable to those
conditions, provided that no action shall be taken which is inconsistent with
the provisions of Articles 15, 16 and 18.
Article 26
The Mandatory agrees that, if any dispute whatever should arise between the
Mandatory and another member of the League of Nations relating to the
interpretation or the application of the provisions of the mandate, such
dispute, if it cannot be settled by negotiation, shall be submitted to the
Permanent Court of International Justice provided for by Article 14 of the
Covenant of the League of Nations.
Article 27
The consent of the Council of the League of Nations is required for any
modification of the terms of this mandate.
Article 28
In the event of the termination of the mandate hereby conferred upon the
Mandatory, the Council of the League of Nations shall make such arrangements as
may be deemed necessary for safeguarding in perpetuity, under guarantee of the
League, the rights secured by Articles 13 and 14, and shall use its influence
for securing, under the guarantee of the League, that the Government of
Palestine will fully honour the financial obligations legitimately incurred by
the Administration of Palestine during the period of the mandate, including the
rights of public servants to pensions or gratuities.
The present instrument shall be deposited in original in the archives of the
League of Nations and certified copies shall be forwarded by the
Secretary-General of the League of Nations to all members of the League.
Done at London the twenty-fourth day of July, one thousand nine hundred and
twenty-two*.
*Nineteenth Session of the Council, Thirteenth Meeting
Held at St James' Palace, London on July 24th, 1922, at 3.p.m